Baling system



H. A. RAAB BALING SYSTEM Oct. 19, 1965 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original FiledApril 21. 1960 INVENTOR. HILARY A. RAAB ATTORNEY H. A. RAAB BALINGSYSTEM Oct. 19, 1965 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed April 21, 1960INVENTOR. ARY A. RAA

ATTORNEY m/fw mmim Ill-I J rlO H. A. RAAB BALING SYSTEM Oct. 19, 1965 7Sheets-Sheet 3 Original Filed April 21, 1960 INVENTOR. HILARY ARAAB Wi/aw Oct. 19,- 1965 Original Filed April 21.

RAAB

BALING' SYSTEM 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 J rlf) INV EN TOR.

HILARY A. RAAB haw/W ATTORNEY Oct. 19, 1965 H. A. RAAB 3,212,432

BALING SYSTEM Original Filed April 21. 1960 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 SMRTER573K767? STARTfR MRTER I -1-ZOO ATTOR Oct. 19, 1965 H. A. RAAB 3,212,432

BALING SYSTEM Original Filed April 21. 1960 7 Sheets-Sheet '7 HILARYA-RAAB BY %/M%f ATTORN Y United States Patent 62 Claims. c1. 100-43 Thesubject application is a continuation of my copending application SerialNo. 23,848 filed April 21, 1960, now abandoned.

The subject invention relates generally to baling equipment and moreparticularly is directed to an apparatus or system comprising aplurality of assemblies or units which are operatively associated in aunique manner whereby to automatically form bales of uniform size andmaximum density.

The equipment embodying the invention is preferably employed to balematerial such as scrap paper, including, for example, box and corrugatedboard, newspapers, magazines, books, and the like, but may be utilizedto bale any other suitable material or product.

More particularly, an object of the invention is to provide a systemwhich, among other things, preferably comprises one or more materialhandling units, a baler, a collector or cyclone separatorcommunicatively connected to the baler, suitable conduits or ductsconnecting the units with the collector, exhausters operativelyassociated with the units for conducting the material to the collector,and controls whereby the operation of the units are synchronized withrespect to one another and the baler so they are responsive to oneanother to provide efficient flow of the material to the collector fromwhich it falls toward the baler through a discharge chute. If desired,different material handling units may be embodied in the system andoperatively connected to one or more balers as the system may be readilymodified to meet different installation requirements. One of the unitspreferably employed, for example, includes a pinch table feed conveyorfor compressing large voluminous scrap material and force feed it to ahogger or macerator operatively associated therewith, which hogs and/ormacerates the material for conduction through the conduits to thecollector by an exhauster of such unit. Also, one of the units mayinclude a hooded casing or receiver which is adapted to receive scrap orwaste material of a size smaller than which is introduced to the pinchtable feed conveyor. The hooded casing is provided with an exhausterhaving mechanism for cutting and/or shredding the material fed theretoand a valve which controls the entry or flow of the material through thecasing.

A significant objective of the invention is to provide a unique systemof electrical controls which may be interconnected in variouscombinations to achieve the results desired. More specifically in thisregard, the electrical hookup is preferably such that, for example, anupper electric eye on the discharge chute connecting the collector andbaler can be utilized to lock-out or prevent operation of the materialhandling units above referred to, so that material in excess of thecapacity of the baler cannot be fed thereto. In other words, thedischarge chute serves as a surge bin and the upper electric eye shutsoif the flow of more material to the collector. Suitable signals arealso included in the electrical hookup to indicate one or moreconditions existing in the system. The motors employed in the system areall interlocked so that a control circuit must be activated at thebaler.

An object of the invention is to provide a baler embodying improvedprinciples of design and construction. More specifically in this respectan object is to provide a baler including, among other things, a drivingmeans in the form of a ram and novel hydraulic structure for operatingor actuating the ram.

A significant object of the invention is to provide a baler with anelongate chamber for receiving the material to be compressed andimpacted to form a mass or bale, including means preferably in the formof one or more relatively movable walls or members for applying radialpressure to the mass in order to retard the normal forward travel of themass while it is in the process of being formed. The arrangement is suchthat pressure is also applied to a mass or bale which has previouslybeen formed so that the latter affords a resilient movable abutment forthe mass or bale being formed. In other words, the resistance offered bythe formed bale is sufficient for the ram to properly and efiicientlyform a new bale of substantially uniform compactness.

A particular object of the invention is to provide a baler in which theelongate chamber includes a pair of side walls and a bottom wall orplatform, with means for imparting relative movement to the side wallsto apply pressure to the mass during its formation and movement to thebottom wall to augment the pressure exerted by the side walls.

Another important object of the invention is to provide the baler withmeans for determining a condition of the mass or bale so that, forexample, when it attains a predetermined length or compactness, meansfor controlling the operation or movement of the ram is arrested tolocate the ram in a forward position to maintain the completed massunder compression and so that bale ties may be inserted into slotsprovided in the ram head.

Also, an object of the invention is to provide a baler in which the masscompacted by each stroke of the ram is automatically held in placeagainst the previous compacted charge of material and each succeedingcharge is held at a predetermined location to form a partition whichresiliently engages wall structure of the baler chamber or an internalperipheral surface to temporarily seal off that part of the chamberwhich initially receives the material to prevent the escape of thematerial as it flows into the chamber.

A further object of the invention is to provide a baler in which thebottom wall of the chamber and a top wall thereof are so designed andconstructed that tearing and bending of the bale is substantiallyeliminated as it is being extruded from the baler chamber or tunnel.

A further object is to provide a baler with an opening which iscommunicatively connected to the discharge chute and the baling chamberso that when a charge of material is received from the overheaddischarge chute, air will be forced outwardly through this opening. Aremovable filter may be placed across the opening to prevent the escapeof small particles of the material from the chamber.

A specific object of the invention is to provide each of the hoodedmaterial receiving units with a valve mechanism which is designed andconstructed in a manner whereby smaller scrap material may beefiiciently received and conducted to the units.

A further and important object of the invention is to provide uniqueorganization whereby the controls for the valve mechanism are operatedby meanas for controlling the flow of material to the feed chute and/ orthe control of the measuring device.

Another specific objective of the invention is to provide an electricalhookup whereby only one of the hooded receiving units can be operated ata time, provided a plurality of units are hooked into one line orconduit leading to the collector.

A significant object of the invention is to provide a baler comprising aframe, an elongate chamber provided with an opening adjacent one endthereof for receiving material to be compressed, means for forciblymoving the material longitudinally in the chamber to compress it as itis introduced thereto through the opening, means for applying a radicalpressure to the material while it is being formed into a bale andoffering resistance to its movement, and means operatively connectingsaid moving means and said pressure applying means in a manner wherebythe latter controls the force exerted by the former.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel filter assemblywhich is communicatively connected to the discharge chute and the balingchamber to permit the escape of entrapped air to the atmosphere whileretaining the dust in the chamber. The location of this filter assemblyis significant as it promotes the de-aeration of the flocculent mass ofmaterial in the bailing chamber and particularly in the discharge chute.

A further object of the invention is to provide a baler having a chamberfor receiving material to be compressed, a ram for compressing thematerial, means for operating the ram, and means for controlling theoperation of said operating means to cause said ram to pound thematerial when the mass reaches a predetermined density.

Other objects reside in providing a system, machine or apparatus whichoffers advantages with respect to manufacture and assembly,installation, efficiency, durability, safety and low cost ofmaintenance.

Many other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparentafter the description hereinafter set forth is considered in conjunctionwith the drawings annexed hereto.

In the drawings:

FIGURE 1 is a schematic or perspective view illustrating the generaloperative relationship of the units comprising the system;

FIGURE 2 is a front elevational view of one of the material receivingunits;

FIGURE 3 is a side elevational view of the unit shown in FIGURE 2, withportions in section to depict details of the structure;

FIGURE 4 is a view showing a part of the structure of FIGURE 3, with avalve constituting a component of the structure extended part way into apassage defined by such structure;

FIGURE 5 is a partial section taken substantially on line 55 of FIGURE3;

FIGURE 6 is a partial section of a portion of a wall of the structure ofFIGURE 2, showing in conjunction with FIGURE 3 the manner in which suchportion engages a floor to prevent material being introduced fromcatching on such wall and sliding thereunder;

FIGURE 7 is an elevational view of the baler structure, with portions insection, including a tied bale and one in the process of being formed;

FIGURE 8 is a partial vertical section of a filter assembly which isoperatively associated with the discharge chute and baling chamber;

FIGURE 9 is an enlarged perspective view of part of the baler structureexemplifying certain details thereof;

FIGURE 10 is a partial vertical section of top and bottom walls of thedischarge end of the baler structure acting on a bale;

FIGURE 11 is a partial vertical section showing the manner in which aportion of a bale being formed constitutes a temporary partition whichseals off a part of the baling or receiving chamber and the balechamber;

FIGURE 12 is a diagrammatic view depicting the means employed to operatethe ram, including controls therefor;

FIGURE 13 is a partial vertical section showing the means used tooperate or tilt the bottom wall or platform of the baler;

FIGURE 14 is a vertical section, primarily illustrating side wallstructure of the baler;

FIGURE 15 is a horizontal section taken substantially on line 1515 ofFIGURE 14;

FIGURE 16 is a partial top view of the wall structure looking in thedirection of the arrow 16-16 in FIG- URE 14;

FIGURE 17 is a partial view of a part of the mechanism used to actuatethe side wall structure of the baler through the agency of the meansutilized to operate or tilt the bottom wall of the baler;

FIGURE 18 is a diagram depicting a system for controlling the means foroperating the ram, including a hookup with means for controllingactuation of the bottom wall of the baler;

FIGURE 19 is a vertical section showing a part of a determining ormeasuring means in the act of engaging abale;

FIGURE 20 is a transverse section tatken through the structure of FIGURE19 illustrating certain details of construction;

FIGURE 21 is a top view of the determining means showing other detailsof its structure; and

FIGURES 22, 23, and 24 exemplify the wiring system.

The system embodying the subject invention may be designed andconstructed in various ways but as exemplified in FIGURE 1 of thedrawings it includes, among other things, a material preparation andreceiving unit generally designated 1,1a baler 2, a collector or cycloneseparator 3, a conduit or duct 4 communicatively connecting the unitwith the collector, and a discharge or feed chute 5 connecting thecollector with the baler. The system may include one or more additionalmaterial receiving and conveying units, each of which may comprise areceiver 6 connected to an exhauster 7 by a conduit 8 and the exhausterto the collector by a conduit or pipe 9. Otherwise expressed, one ormore receiving units 6 connected to the collector through a conduit maybe referred to as a sub-system. A valve mechanism generally designated10 is preferably operatively associated with each of the receivers 6 asdepicted in FIGURES 3 and 4.

The material preparation unit 1 preferably includes a pinch table feedconveyor 11, a hogger 12, and an exhauster 13. The pinch table feedconveyor compacts and advances large bulky material for feeding to thehogger at restrained speed and quantity. The hogger breaks up andmacerates the material into sizes that can be efficiently conveyed tothe exhauster 13 and this exhauster including the exhausters 7 serve tocut or otherwise further condition the material for transmittal to thecollector. The collector receives all conveying air and the materialconducted thereby and the baler which constitutes the terminus of thetransported material compacts the prepared material as received intobales of uniform density, The discharge or feed chute 5 directs the flowof the material from the collector to the baler and absorbs the surgesbetween the baler capacity and excess material delivery.

The baler 2 may be designed and constructed in various ways but asexemplified in FIGURES 7 through 17, it is made elongate and constructedfrom relatively strong and heavy material to provide, among otherthings, a base 14 and suitable framework for supporting the operatingcomponents of the baler.

One extremity of the baler is preferably constructed to provide ahousing 15 for means employed to operate or move a head 16 of a ram inone end of an elongate chamber to compact the material as it isintroduced to the chamber from the chute 5 through an entrance open ing17. The chamber may be referred to as including a first or balingchamber 18 in which the ram head reciprocates to pack the receivedmaterial and an elongate second or bale forming chamber 19 in which themass of material is primarily formed or shaped into a bale. The head 16is provided with pairs of horizontal slots or grooves 20 for receivingwires or equivalent means for use in tying the bales in a conventionalmanner. The baler or machine is provided with suitable sensing controlslocated in the housing 15- for controlling the operating means for theram means and with a cabinet 21 for additional controls, including adevice generally designated 22 assisting to measure the length of a balebeing formed, and an actuating or hydraulic unit designated 23, all ofwhich will be described subsequently.

The first or baling chamber 18 is directly below the chute and isdefined by a pair of opposed stationary walls 24, a bottom wall 25, theram head and the inner end of a mass of material 26 being compressed.The forming or second chamber constitutes a continuation of the chamber18 so that this material is compacted and moved longitudinally throughthe chambers.

The forming or baling chamber is elongate and preferably includes astationary bottom wall constituting a continuation of the bottom wall ofthe chamber 18, a wall or tiltable platform 27 pivotally mounted at itsinner end to the frame, a stationary top wall 28, and a pair ofcorresponding relatively moveable side wall structures or unitsgenerally designated 29. The top wall 28 is supported on upper rails 30carried by a plurality of pairs of pillars including pairs 31 and 32. Itwill be noted that the free ends of the top wall 28 and tiltableplatform 27 are respectively unturned at 28 and downturned at 27' asdepicted in FIGURES 9 and 10. The upturned portion 28' enables the upperportion of the bale to freely leave the top Wall without tearing suchportion and the downturned portion 27' is so disposed in relation to theportion 28' that the lower portion of the bale leaves the platform inadvance of the upper portion to release the pressure at the upperportion and thereby provide a well shaped bale of uniform crosssection.

Each of the side wall structures is fabricated and preferably includes aplurality of four elongate horizontal resiliently flexible pressureelements or members 33 connected together in parallel relationship by avertical end member 34 and a depending arm 35. The end members 34 arepreferably anchored to the pillars 31 by volts 36 or equivalent meansand the upper ends of these members may be nested in the upper rails 30of the frame and in a pair of lower rails 37 in order to lend stabilityto the structures. The pressure elements can be attached to the arm orlever by any suitable means but as shown the elements are connected torests or abutments 38 carried by the arm. These abutments are preferablyin the form of yokes which distribute the pressure to the elements atspaced locations. The upper extremities of the arms are preferablyinturned and respectively pivotally connected at 39 to the ends ofcross-bars 40 fixed on the top wall 28 in a manner whereby each of thewall structures can be moved relatively toward or away from one anotherand/or flexed to apply radial pressure to the mass of material as it isbeing formed and moved in the chamber. The arms should normally belocated no more than two-thirds of a bale length from the end of the ramstroke. This radial pressure may be varied to regulate the amount offrictional resistance derived between the mass and the side wallstructures. These factors are important and as will be described more indetail subsequently, they assist in providing bales of uniform density.

As best illustrated in FIGURES 9, 13, and 14 the baler is provided witha pair of braces 41 below the inner extremity of the tiltable platformor wall 27 and a supporting structure 42 below its free extremity orend. A pair of sprockets 43 are mounted on the braces 41 for movement ina horizontal plane and a pair of sprockets 44 are mounted on thesupporting structure 42 for movement in vertical planes.

The tiltable platform 27 is reinforced by a pair of end members 45 and46, an intermediate member 47 and side plates 48, the latter of whichare slidable between a pair of guide surfaces 49 of the base 14. A pairof chains 50 have their inner ends adjustably secured to the lower endsof the arms 35 and their outer ends anchored to the end member 46 sothat the chains operatively engage the sprockets in a manner wherebywhen a piston 51 of the unit 23 is reciprocated the platform 27 will becaused to be raised and lowered and the side wall structures 29 to moverelative to one another. The adjustable connections between the chains50 and the arms 35 affords means for adjusting the tension of the chainsand varying the distance between the wall structures to obtain thepreset radial pressure on widely dissimilar materials. The side wallstructures are normally disposed in a converging relation and theplatform inclined upwardly so that they apply radial pressure from threedirections tending to constrain, within practicable limits, the forwardmovement of a formed bale 52 and the mass 26 being formed. Theorganization is preferably such that the radial pressures applied to theformed bale and mass will create frictional resistance to resistadvancement of the ram to compress the mass and move it forwardly alongwith the formed bale. When this occurs, the platform will be caused totilt downwardly and the side wall structures outwardly to relieve suchpressures. Provision is made for causing rapid short forward strokes ofthe ram after it advances to a predetermined pressure operating positionin the chamber 18. With this unique organization a resultant constantbaling pressure is maintained to produce bales of uniform compactnessregardless of any variance in the density, frictional resistance and theweight of the material being compressed.

The density of the bale is dependent in part on the applied pressure ofthe ram against that part of a bale already formed and held 'byconstriction and frictional resistance, the uniformity of the materialbeing formed, and the completeness of each charge of material fed to thechamber 18. In this connection, an electric eye 53 designated a lowerelectric eye in the drawings and having a time delay relay is mounted onthe feed chute 5 to insure that the chamber receives a complete chargefor each stroke of the ram and a bale locking device designated 54 ismounted on the baler adjacent the chambers 18 and 19 for automaticallykeeping the compressed material under compression when the ram isretracted. The eye 53 controls the automatic operation of the baler sothat the ram will not act unless there is suflicient material availablefor baling. In other words, when the material builds or stacks up in thechamber 18 and in the chute 5 to a height or level with the electric eyesensors,

the eye initiates the movement of a control for the hydraulic operatingmeans to cause the ram to move forwardly and this procedure continues aslong as there is present a sufficient column of material. If thematerial flows to the baler at a rate faster than the baler canaccommodate it, then another electric eye 55 designated an upperelectric eye in the drawings and having a time delay actuated relay onthe chute 5, located above the eye 53, becomes effective to render thefeeder 11 inoperative and operate the valve mechanism 10 in thereceivers 6 to close the latter so that no material can be introducedthereto for conveyance. The eye 55 also serves to energize visual andaudible signals and if desired, valves for diverting the flow ofmaterial to various locations other than the collector 3, includingother auxiliary equipment.

The bale locking device 54, above referred to, in-

cludes a Spring pressed pivotal lever or latch 56 which, is adapted tobe pivoted upwardly by each charge of material as it is compressedforwardly by the ram and then. springs back to a normal operativeposition to engage and hold the compacted mass in place as the ram isretracted. This mass is preferably held at a predetermined location withits rear portion disposed between the upright end members 34 of the sidewall structures and adjacent portions of the walls 24, 25 and 28 inorder to seal off the chamber 18 from the chamber 19. Otherwiseexpressed, these walls define an internal peripheral imperforate bearingsurface which is intimately engaged 'by the mass for sealing purposes.As the material travels down the chute, a certain amount of air isentrained in the chamber 18. When the ram advances, it valves off thechute and material collects above it and when reversed a void, the sizeof the ram head is left for the material to enter. The material falls asa column compressing the air in the void or chamber 18 and since thebaler is substantially dust tight, the material falls slowly as the airis dissipated. In order to assist in this decompression, an assemblydesignated 57, as shown in FIG- URES 7 and 8 is located forcommunicative connection with the chute and the chamber 18. Thisassembly is provided with an aperture 58 through which the air canescape and a detachable dust filter 59 is disposed across the aperturewhich allows the material to fall freely, yet contain the dust. The topwall 28 of the baler is provided with an opening 60 through which theair can enter the filter assembly. The top wall 28 is also provided witha depending flange 61 disposed in close relation to the upper surface ofthe ram head to wipe off material on the head into the chamber andassist in blocking off the escape of dust laden air therefrom. Attentionis directed to the fact that the latch 56 projects through an aperturetherefor in the top wall 28 and this aperture is a size to closelyreceive the latch and thereby substantially prevent the escape of dustfrom the chamber.

As alluded to above, the device 22 assists in automatically measuringthe length of a bale being formed in order to eliminate the human errorand other influences. As exemplified in FIGURES 12 and 19 through 21,this device is operatively connected to an automatic electrical counter68, and an electrical control circuit illustrated in FIGURES 22, 23 and24.

The device 22 is preferably located on the top wall of the baler andincludes an arbor 62 mounted in bearings 63 therefor. A pair of serrateddiscs 64 and a toothed cam 65 are fixed on the arbor. A trip arm 66 of alimit switch 67 is actuated by the cam 65. The discs are mounted toextend through slots provided therefor in the top wall to imbed into thebale 52. The slots are preferably of a size to closely receive the discsin order to substantially prevent the escape of dust into a boxcontaining the device. As the bale advances, the discs rotate and causethe arbor to rotate the cam 65. As the high point of each tooth on thecam passes under a roller on the trip arm 66, an electrical contact ismade which causes an electrical impulse to be received by the electricalcounter 68 so that the linear motion of the bale is counted. The teethof the cam are circumferentially spaced so that each space may representa distance of approximately one inch that the bale travels. This spacingmay obviously be modified. By presetting the counter 68, a givendistance can be counted and when the predetermined number of counts hasbeen reached an electrical impulse is delivered to the control circuitto cause the hydraulic operating means for the ram to move the ram headto a predetermined fixed forward position at rest, as indicated at 69,which position is in advance of its normal operating stroke as indicatedat 70 so that the slots in the head are exposed in order that bale tiescan 'be readily inserted into the slots through the five spaces betweenthe pressure elements 33 and the rails and 37.

When the ram is in the forward fixed position 69, a

dog 71 on a rod 72 carried by the ram trips a switch 7 3 to establish anelectrical circuit that is utilized for operating a visual signal 74, anaudible signal 75 on the baler, and a signal 76 which may be located ata desirable remote area to notify the operator the condition of thebaler. Also, this circuit can operate .any auxiliary equipment desired.The ram operating means cannot function until a manual control button 77is actuated to energize a control circuit to reactivate said operatingmeans so that ram will again operate normally.

As alluded to above, each of the receiver units 6 is provided with avalve mechanism 10. These units may be constructed in various ways butas depicted in FIG- URES 2 through 5, each unit preferably includes anelongate tubular casing having a front wall 78, a rear wall 79, and sidewalls 80. The structure is preferably supported to locate the casing inthe upright inclined position shown. The front and side walls arepreferably flanged to provide a hood 81 and the rear wall is formed witha curved continuation 82 having a d-ownturned edge 83, as best shown inFIGURE 6, to intimately engage a floor 84 when fasteners 85 are extendedthrough ears or portions of the structure into the floor in order toassist in piloting the scrap into the receiver without catching on suchedge. The hood assists in receiving the material and also serves as aguard to fence an operator away from the entrance.

A housing is connected to the casing and includes an inclined top wall86, side walls 87 and a rear wall 88. The rear wall 79 of the casingforms a partition between the casing and housing. This partition isprovided with a clearance opening and a slot through which a piston rod89 and a valve plate 90 respectively reciprocate. The plate is guided bya pair of guide means 91 provided on the inner surfaces of the sidewalls of the casing and by a pair of similar guide means 92 provided onthe inner surfaces of the side walls of the housing. The guide means arealigned and when the plate is fully retracted it is supported on theguide means 92 and when fully extended rests on the guide means 91. Thepiston rod 89 is reciprocated by air in a cylinder mounted in thehousing and an abutment 92' carried by the plate 90 is adapted toalternately engage a pair of limit switches 95 and 95' which control theflow of air in the cylinder and define the reciprocatory range of thevalve. When, for example, a button 96 is manually operated the valvewill be caused to slide rearwardly into the housing as shown in FIGURE 3to permit material to flow through the casing, and when a button 97 isdepressed the valve will slide forwardly and close off the casing asdepicted in FIGURE 5. A pair of signals 98 are electrically connectedwith the buttons 96 and 97 to indicate when the valve is open or closed.As depicted in FIGURE 5, the front wall of the casing is preferablyprovided with a member 99 which serves as an abutment or lip forengaging the fore edge portion of the valve to seal and brace it againstthe extreme pressure created by the exhauster. The electrical controlsat each receiver are operatively connected with the electric eye circuitto place the operation of the valve under the control of the eye 55.

It will be noted that a fitting 99' connecting the rod and valve servesto seal off the clearance opening in the rear wall 79 of the casing whenthe valve is fully retracted.

Attention is directed to the fact that the slide valve is arranged formovement in a plane which is disposed at an oblique angle to thelongitudinal axis of the casing. When the valve is closed while materialis being introduced, air flowing along the rear wall 79 is interrupted,breaking the normal flow of suction at the entrance to the casing. Asthe opening to flow is decreased, the air velocity is decreasedpreventing the normal flow of the material, yet maintaining sufiicientflow to efliciently conduct the material already introduced in thesystem. Of further significance is the fact that the speed of theclosing of the valve can be preset to provide a suflicient time lag tomaintain a sufiicient transporting velocity and volume to clean out theline before the valve is fully closed. Also, the oblique position of thevalve, as related to the other components of the structure, offers asetup whereby less pressure is required to operate the valve, asdistinguished from conventional valves and operating means therefor.Moreover, the organization stabilizes the movement of the valve andthereby eliminates valve slamming.

The hydraulic system will now be described. The purpose of this systemor circuit is to provide fluid power to a compression ram withsuflicient thrust and at such speed as to develop the desired resultsfor the baling operation.

A motor 100 drives a vane type pump 101 which sucks fluid from a storagetank 102 or reservoir then through a filter 103. Fluid passing through apump 101 is delivered to a pipe or line connected to a volume controlvalve 104 and on to an open port 105 of a four way valve 106. The fluidis expelled through port 107, then flows through a line 108 to a heatexchanger 109 and back to a storage tank or reservoir 102. If the volumeof fluid being pumped is greater than the capacity of the heat exchanger109, the excess fluid which develops a pressure in line 108 greater thanthe spring setting of check valve 110 opens check valve 110 and bypassesto storage tank or reservoir 102. When the light beam of the electriceye 53 is broken, a conductor within a conduit 111 carries a signal to aseries of relays 112 in the control cabinet 21 which actuate a solenoid113 of the valve 106 causing the valve to shift so that the fluid willbe forced by the pump through a port 114 of valve 106 and a line 115.The fluid flows from line 115 through a check valve 116 to the cap endof a cylinder 117, which operates the ram 16 forward. When pressurebuilds up in the line 115 against a valve 118 and in cylinder 117, fluidwill flow through a pilot line 119 to open the valve 118. Fluid thenflows through a valve 118 and through a pulsating booster 120 and a line121. The booster in combination with the driving or power means developshigh impact pressures creating rapid interrupted strokes to the ramduring at least a portion of its travel in one direction. The powermeans for transmitting power to the ram may be any means suitable forthe purpose. More particularly it may be of a conventional characterwhich includes a booster, such as, for example, the Pressure Booster ofthe type described in a Bulletin No. 35.2 published by Racine Hydraulics& Machinery Inc. of Racine, Wisconsin.

A drain line 122 returns pilot line fluid from valve 118 to storage tank102. A drain line 123 operatively connects the booster to the storagetank. A relief valve 124 is connected by a line 125 to line 119 as asafety factor to maintain a predetermined maximum pressure in thecylinder 117, such pressure being indicated on a gage 126. A drain line327 connects the valve 124 with the storage tank.

Pressure in the system also causes fluid to flow through a line 127operatively connected to a check valve 128, and to a valve 106. Fluidwill flow from check valve 128 through a metering valve 129, and ashut-01f valve 130. The fluid flows from the shut-off valve 130 througha line 131 to a relief valve 132 and a drain line 133 connects thisvalve with the tank 102. A pressure gage 134 indicates pressure in theline 131, and such pressure forces fluid to flow through a line 135 tothe hydraulic unit 23 to effect movement of piston 51 thereby raisingthe tiltable platform 27 and relative movement of the side wallstructures 29. A drain line 136 connects the unit 23 with the tank. Adrain line 137 connects the valve 106 with the tank and a pilot line 138connects the line 125 with an adjustable unloading valve 139.

The arrangement is preferably such that if frictional resistance on thebale 52 and the mass 26 as developed by the constricting movement of theside wall structures 29 and platform 27 exceeds the desired balingpressure as preset by the valve 139, such pressure will be relieved byfluid flow through a line 140, through a metering valve 141 which has aflow rate proportional to the flow through the valve 129, and theunloading valve 139 and back to storage tank through line 122. Theorganization is considered to be unique and constitutes a meritoriousadvance in the art of baling and hydraulic and electric circuitry.

When the ram 16 reaches its normal forward operating position asindicated by the dotted line 70, the dog 71 fixed on the rod 72 actuatesa switch 142 to energize through a conductor a series of relays in thecontrol cabinet 21 which actuate a solenoid 143 of valve 106 causing thevalve to shift so that the fluid will be forced by the pump through aport 144 of valve 106, and through a line 145 to the rod end of thecylinder 117 which retracts the ram 16. A pilot line 146 connects theline 145 with an orifice valve 147 and this valve is connected by aconductor to a preset relief valve 148 which governs pilot line pressureavailable to the check valve 116 through a line 149 so that this valvewill open relieving the pressure at the cap end of the cylinder 117. Adrain line 150 connects the relief valve 148 with the tank 102.

The electrical system or circuits, as exemplified in FIGURES 22, 23, and24, will now be described. The purpose of this circuit is to provideprimary electrical power to all motors herein connected and reducedvoltage power for the control circuit. The control circuit is sointerconnected as to provide the sequence of operations necessary forthe equipment to function as one integrated unit.

Primary power, supplied by the purchaser, is connected to a circuitbreaker 200 and then to motor starters 201, 202, 203, 204, and 205. Twoof three conductors for each motor connect to overloads correspondinglydesignated 206, 207, 208, 209, and 210. Third conductors respectivelydirectly connect the aforesaid motor starters with corresponding motorsidentified as follows: baler 100, exhauster 211, hogger 212, feedconveyor 213, and pinch conveyor 214.

A two conductor connection is made on the downstream side of the circuitbreaker 200 to a reducing voltage transformer 215 which provides areduced-voltage power for all controls hereinafter set forth. Aconductor 216 from the low voltage side of the transformer may beconsidered a common conductor. Another conductor 217 passes through afuse 218 and connects to the upstream side of all controls whileconductors downstream from the controls generally connect with thecommon conductor 216.

The conductor 217 from the fuse 218 connects to switches 219, 220, 221,and 222. When the switch 219 is closed, current is conducted to theentire control circuit. All relays are shown in their normal conditionsprior to energization. The symbols PB appearing in the electricalcircuitry designate push-button switches. Specifically, current isconducted through a conductor 223 to an indicating light 224 and then toconductor 216. Current also flows through a conductor 225, through thelower electric eye 53 and to conductor 216, through the upper electriceye 55 to conductor 216, to a switch 226, a switch 227, and a time delayrelay 244A, and to a counter 68 containing a relay 228.

The motors 211 through 214 are interlocked for starting in propersequence. A switch 229 may be closed at any time to start the motor 100of the baler 2, as shown in FIGURE 1, by allowing current to flowthrough the magnetic motor starter 201, as shown in FIGURE 23, through acoil 201C of its overloads 206 and thence to 216. When the switch 229 ismanually closed, the coil 201C is energized to close an auxiliarycontrol contact 201A whereby to seal the circuit when the switch 229 ismanually released. When this starter is energized, current flows to amotor 230, through its starter 231, an overload 232, thence to 216, andto light 233 to 216.

A switch 234 may be closed at any time to start a motor 211 of theexhauster 13 by allowing current to flow through a coil 202C of starter202, overloads 207 to conductor 216, and from the switch to light 235and conductor 216. The coil 202C closes an auxiliary control contact202A of the magnetic motor starter 202 to seal the circuit when theswitch 234 is opened and also closes auxiliary control contacts 237 and237' of starter 202. The control contacts constitute interlocks.

A switch 236 may be actuated, closing control contact 202A after switch234 has been closed which starts the motor 212 of the hogger 12 byallowing current to flow through an interlock 237, a coil 203C ofstarter 203, its overloads 208, conductor 216, and from switch 236 tolight 238 and 216. When the switch 236 is manually closed coil 203C isenergized closing an auxiliary control contact203A of magnetic motorstarter 203. Also, when coil 203C is energized another auxiliary controlcontact 241 of the starter 203 is closed to constitute an interlock.When switch 230 is opened a sealing circuit is produced through thecontrol contact 203A.

Current from the switch 227 flows through a contact 55A of the electriceye relay 55, switch 239 to switch 240A. Closing the switch 240A allowscurrent to flow through a switch 242B, interlocks 237' and 241, a coil204C of a reversible starter 204, overloads 209 and 210 and conductor216. When the switch 240A is manually closed and coil 204C is energizedan auxiliary control contact 204A is closed to seal the circuit when theswitch 240A is manually released. This arrangement starts motors 213 and214 of conveyor 11 to drive the conveyor belts forwardly. Operation of aswitch 242A will allow current to flow through a switch 240B, a coil205C of starter 205, overloads 209 and 210. conductor 216 to drive theconveyor belts rearwardly.

A switch 243 is operated by the vertical movement of the pinch conveyorof the pinch table feed conveyor to control the flow of current to thecoil 244C of a relay 244 to conductor 216. Current flows throughconductor 225, to a contact 244A of the time delay relay 244 to adestatizing valve solenoid 245 and conductor 216. This valve controls afluid spray to the air conveyor system to ground out the electrostaticcharge developed as a result of hogging and conveying. The spray devicemay be located in the system where it is most beneficial but as shown inFIGURE 1, it is mounted on the exhauster 13.

When the electric eye 55 is operated by interrupting the light beam, anelectrical signal carried by a conductor within a conduit 111' to openrelay contact 55A, or if switch 239 is opened, the feed conveyor 11cannot be operated forwardly, Contacts 55B, 55D and 55E of the electriceye relay 55 may be used to operate accessory equipment, including theremote signal 76.

When the switch 226 is manually moved from an off position 246 to an onposition 247, current will flow through contact 53A of the electric eyerelay 53, an indicator light 248, conductor 216, and from the switch tothe downstream side of contact 249A of relay 249, solenoid 113 on thehydraulic valve 106 and conductor 216. This causes the valve to shiftand allow hydraulic fluid to flow to the cap end of cylinder 117 tocause the ram to advance as desired when hydraulic pump 101 isoperating.

When the switch 226 is turned from the off position 246 to an automaticposition 250, current will flow through indicating light 251, conductor216, and also through contact 228A of relay 228, contact 252A of aswitch 252, contact 249B of relay 249, solenoid 143 of the valve 106 toshift its spool and thereby allow hydraulic fluid to flow to the rodside of cylinder 117 to always forcibly return the ram, providing thepump 101 is operating. Therefore, whenever switch 226 is in any positionbut the automatic position 250 and said switch is turned to thisposition, the ram of hydraulic cylinder 117 will always retract.

In view of the foregoing, and assuming that the hydraulic pump is inoperation and the switch 226 is in the automatic position 250, the ramwill continue to retract and as it comes to a stop the switch 252 isactuated opening contact 252A to interrupt the flow of current to thesolenoid 143 on valve 106, thereby preventing further fluid flow tocylinder 117.

When the electric eye 53 is operated by interrupting the light beamafter a given time delay, current flows from the switch 226 through theelectric eye contact 5313, contact 252B of switch 252, contact 77A of aswitch PB77, to a coil of 249C actuating relay 249. A sealing circuit,created when the coil 249C of relay 249 is actuated, allows current tofiow through switch 226, switch 142, contact 249D of relay 249, contact254A of relay 254 to the coil of 249C and conductor 216. The sealingcircuit assures continuance of ram stroke to its entirety even if theeye 53 becomes deenergized during the forward stroke of the ram. Uponcompletion of the forward stroke, current flows from switch 226 throughcontact 228A of relay 228, contact 252A of switch 252, contact 249B ofrelay 249, energizing the solenoid 143 on the valve 106, shifting thevalve allowing hydraulic fluid to flow to the rod end of cylinder 117,thereby returning the ram. When the ram advances to a predetermineddistance in the baling chamber 18, the switch 142 is actuated, braking acontact therein, the sealing circuit described above is broken, whichcauses the coil 249C of relay 249 to deenergize, thus opening thecircuit between switch 226 and solenoid 113 to actuate valve 106 andmomentarily stop hydraulic fluid flow to cylinder 117. At the same time,the solenoid 143 of the valve 106 is energized, current will flowthrough the switch 226, contact 228A of relay 228, contact 252A ofswitch 252, contact 249B of relay 249, solenoid 143, and conductor 216.When the solenoid 143 is energized, the valve 106 shifts, allowinghydraulic fluid flow to be directed to the rod end of cylinder 117,thereby retracting the ram 16.

When the ram advances the bale in the second or elongate bale chamber 19of the baler, the switch 67 of the device 22 is operated, causingcurrent flow from counter 68 to switch 67 and electric pulsations,created by the making and breaking of contacts in this switch, arerecorded by the counter 68. When the predetermined bale length has beenreached, as determined by the counter 68, the ram regardless of itsposition will advance toward the predetermined fixed position 69,whereupon current flows from switch 226 through switch 142 to thecounter 68, whose contacts have been closed when the counter is countedout, coil 228C of relay 228, and conductor 216. When the coil 228C ofrelay 228 is energized, current will flow through contact 228B of relay228 including contact 249D of relay 249, contact 254A of relay 254, coil249C of relay 249, to establish a sealing circuit allowing current toby-pass switch 142. As the ram reaches its full stroke forward to theposition 69, the switch 73 is actuated, closing its contacts, whereuponcurrent will flow from switch 226 through contact 22813 of relay 228,switch 73, and coil 254C of relay 254 and conductor 216, energizingrelay 254 to actuate certain of its contacts 254A to interrupt thecurrent flow to coil 249C of relay 249, opening the contact 249A ofrelay 249 and deenergizing the solenoid 113 of the valve 106 to shiftthis valve and thereby stop fluid flow to cylinder 117 and prevent rammovement. Simultaneously, another set of contacts 254D in the relay 254close allowing current flow from switch 73 through contact 254D of relay254 to signals 74, 75 and 76 and conductor 216. With the ram in thisforward fixed position, the bale can be tied in a conventional manner.

To return the ram 16 to automatic operation, the switch 77 is manuallyactuated closing contact 77C and opening control contacts 77A and 77D toseal the circuit and cause current to flow from this switch throughcontact 254B of relay 254 to counter 68, energizing and resetting itsmechanism for remeasuring the next bale; also interrupting current flowto the coil 228C of relay 228, reestablishing the normal reversingcircuit. The current flows from the switch 77 through contact 77B to arelay 255, solenoid 143 of the valve 106, conductor 216, shifting thevalve to allow fluid flow to the rod end of the cylinder 117 causing theram to reverse its movement. As the ram reverses, the switch 73deenergizes the coil 254C of relay 254 to cause the contact 254D ofrelay 254 to return to a normally open position and deenergizes signals74, 75 and 76.

The material receiving units 6 are electrically controlled andpneumatically operated. One or more of such units on one or moresub-systems are electrically connected for fail-safe automatic controlby the electric eye 55 and/ or relay 228, the latter of which iscontrolled by counter 68. The material receiving units are also soconnected electrically that when two or more units are attached to thesame material handling unit only one receiving unit can be operated atany given time. The switches 96 and 97 which are mounted on each of theunits are operatively connected with one another, including the electriceye 55 and the counter 68 through its control of the relay 228. Asevidenced in FIGURE 1, two pairs of units 6 are respectively connectedto the collectors through conduits 9.

In this hookup the transformer 215 is operatively connected to theelectrical means for actuating the valves of the mechanisms 10 in theunits 6, through conductor 217, to contact 228D of relay 228 andcontacts 55B and 55B of the electric eye relay 55 to all of the switches96 in all sub-systems and making current available to operate openingsolenoids 256 and 258, one of sub-system, and 260 and 262 of anothersub-system respectively associated with air cylinders at such units.Through contacts 55B the electric eye relay 55 is operatively connectedto all of the limit switches 95 in all sub-systems through contacts ofthe latter and conductors 264 connected to conductor 216. The signals 98are respectively interposed in the conductors 264 in a manner wherebythe signals when energized in any one of the sub-systems indicate thatthis sub-system and the other sub-systems are available for service toreceive material for induction to the collector 3. The control switches96 in the units of each sub-system shown function independently of oneanother. The arrangement is such that when the switch 96 in one of theunits of one sub-system is actuated current will flow from contact 5513of the electric eye relay 55 through switch 95 of the unit, switch 95 ofthe other unit, successively through switches 97, 96, and 95' of saidone unit, solenoid 256 to conductor 216, whereupon an air cylinder valvecauses the piston 89 and valve 90 to retract to the fixed position shownin FIGURE 3. When the abutment 92 of the valve 90 engages the limitswitch 95 of said one unit during such retraction, the circuit to thesignals 98 in this unit and the other unit in said one sub-system arerendered inoperative. To close the valve at said one unit of said onesub-system, the switch 97 of said one unit is actuated causing currentflow through limit switch 95, solenoid 257, and conductor 216. Suchclosing effects operation of the air valve causing the piston and valve90 to move toward a closing position in a passage defined by the casingof said one unit, and when the valve is extended forwardly the abutment92 will engage the limit switch 95' and thereby reactivate the signalcircuit to operate the signal 98 in the units of said one subsystem.

If a valve 90 is in the open position and the beam of the electric eye55 is broken, the flow of current to the switches 96 in all of thesub-systems is interrupted by the simultaneous opening of contact 55B ofrelay 55 and closing of contact 55E. Also, when the counter has countedout, the contact 228D of relay 228 closes, allowing the current to flowthrough switches 95', and selectively through the solenoid 257 or 259,one of sub-system and 261 or 263 of another sub-system conductor 216.This circuitry automatically closes any open valve in the sub-systemsand locks them in such position. The organization is such that the baleris provided with means for controlling the flow of material to thebaler.

Having thus described my invention, it is obvious that variousmodifications may be made in the same without departing from the spiritof the invention, and, therefore, I do not wish to be understood aslimiting myself to the exact forms, constructions, arrangements, andcombinations of parts herein shown and described.

I claim:

1. A baler comprising a frame provided with an elongate chamber havingan opening at one end thereof through which material can be insertedinto the chamber, a ram, means for applying forces to said mm to impartsubstantial successive intermittent forward strokes thereto during atleast a portion of its continuous forward travel to pound into a compactmass material for shaping in said chamber when introduced thereto, saidmeans also serving to increase the force of each stroke as the densityof the mass increases whereby said intermittent strokes produce a wellshaped uniform mass of substantially greater density than a mass formedby non-intermittent strokes.

2. A baler comprising a frame, a chamber having a top wall, a pair ofrelatively movable side walls .and a pressure responsive bottom wall,pivot means pivotally connecting said bottom wall to said frame, a firstpair of rotatable elements mounted on said frame .at a location adjacentsaid pivot means and below said bottom wall, and a second pair ofrotatable elements disposed below said bottom wall in spaced relation tosaid first pair of rotatable elements, and flexible means having lengthsthereof respectively engaging a rotatable element of each pair andconnected to said side Walls and said bottom wall for simultaneouslyimparting motion to said side walls when pressure is applied to saidbottom wall.

3. A baler comprising a frame provided with an elongate chamber having.an opening at one end thereof through which material can be introducedinto the chamber and also having an outlet, a ram for compressing thematerial forwardly in the chamber for shaping therein, and means foreffecting rapid interrupted forward strokes to said ram during at leasta portion of its continuous travel in a forward direction to pound theintroduced material into a uniform substantially compact mass.

4. A stationary baler comprising a frame provided with an elongatechamber having an opening at one end thereof through which material canbe inserted into the chamher, a ram, means for applying forces to saidram to impart successive forward strokes thereto in a continuous forwarddirection to pound material received in said chamber for shaping into acompact mass, a movable wall forming a part of said chamber, responsivemeans associated with said chamber, said wall being movable in responseto conditions and positions of the mass and said responsive means,sensing means responsive to said applying forces, and means operativelyconnecting said applying forces, said responsive means and said sensingmeans for controlling the force applied to said responsive means and toeach stroke of the ram whereby to obtain a mass of substantially uniformdensity.

5. A baler comprising a frame provided with Walls defining a firstchamber and a second chamber with a tubular wall structure therebetween,a chute for delivering material into said first chamber, a ram, powermeans for applying forces to impart motion to said ram for driving thematerial received in said first chamber into said second chamber throughsaid tubular wall structure, said second chamber having relativelymovable wall structures, responsive means associated with said secondchamber, said movable wall structures being movable in response toconditions and positions of the mass .and said responsive means, sensingmeans responsive to the pressure applied by said power means, means forautomatically maintaining .a portion of the mass in sealing relationshipwith said tubular wall structure as the mass is advanced 15 into saidsecond chamber, and means operatively connectring said power means, saidresponsive means and said sensing means for controlling the powerapplied to said ram and said responsive means whereby to obtain a massof substantially uniform density.

6. A baler comprising a frame provided with walls defining a firstchamber and a second chamber having an intervening tubular wallstructure therebetween, a chute for delivering material into said firstchamber, a ram for driving the material received in said first chamberinto said second chamber through said tubular wall structure, saidsecond chamber having relatively movable wall structures responsive topressures exerted by the material when it is being compressed into acompact mass by said ram, means for automatically maintaining a portionof the mass in sealing relationship with said tubular wall structure asthe mass is advanced into said second chamber, a vent located adjacentsaid chute and communicatively connected with said first chamber forventing this chamber irrespective of the position of said ram, powermeans for applying forces to impart motion to said ram to etfectcompression of the material, means for controlling the amount of powerapplied to said ram, and means operatively connecting said controllingmeans and said power means.

7. A baler comprising a frame provided with an elongate chamber, atubular duct communicating with said chamber for feeding material intosaid chamber, a ram for compressing into a mass charge of material fedto said chamber, said duct having an open entrance end located remotefrom said chamber for initially receiving the material, a valve carriedby said duct for opening and closing said entrance end, said chamberincluding relatively movable wall structures which are responsive to theexpansion and contraction of the mass, power means for transmittingpower to said ram, means connected to said power means for controllingthe amount of power applied to said ram, and means for automaticallymoving said valve to close said entrance end when the mass attains apredetermined size.

8. A baler comprising a frame having an elongate baling chamber :havinga stationary top wall, a cross structure overlying said top wall andhaving ends inset from the sides thereof, a pair of upstanding side armshaving upper inturned ends pivotally connected to said inset ends andalso having lower ends, a pair of horizontal relatively movable sidewall structures cooperable with said arms, and .a pressure responsivetiltable bottom wall, and elongate flexible mean-s substantiallyextending longitudinally under said bottom wall and operativelyconnecting an outer extremity of said tiltable Wall and said lower endsof said arms for imparting pivotal movement to the latter and said sidewall structures when pressure is applied to said tiltable wall.

9. A baler comprising an elongate open-ended chamber having a stationarytop wall, a stationary bottom wall, a pressure response tiltable wallconstituting a continuation of said bottom wall, a pair of upstandingarms having upper ends pivotally supported at locations adjacent theupper part of the baler, a pair of horizontal side wall structuresrespectively cooperable with said arms for movement therewith andextending beyond said bottom wall in overhead relation to said tiltablewall, and a pair of elongate flexible means extending lengthwise undersaid tiltable wall operatively connecting an outer extremity of thelatter and lower ends of said arms in a manner whereby said side wallstructures will be caused to simultaneously move when pressure isapplied to said tiltable wall.

10. A baler having a frame and a first chamber provided with an openingfor receiving material to be baled, a second chamber constituting acontinuation of said first chamber, said second chamber being elongatedand comprising a bottom stationary wall, a tiltable platformconstituting a continuation of said bottom wall and having a portionnormally disposed above the level of said bottom wall for depression bycompressed material adapted for travel through said second chamber, atop wall extending substantially coextensively with and over said bottomwall and platform, a pair of upstanding arms having upper ends pivotallysupported at locations adjacent the upper part of said chamber, a pairof horizontal relatively movable elongate resiliently flexible side wallstructures respectively cooperable with said arms for movement therewithand having inner extremities secured to said frame at a locationadjacent said first chamber and outer free extremities terminating abovesaid platform, and means operatively connecting lower ends of said armsand said platform whereby said arms and side wall structures may moveaway from one another when said platform is depressed and move towardone another upon reverse movement thereof.

11. A baler comprising a frame provided with an elongate chamber havingan opening at one end thereof through which material can be insertedinto the chamber, a ram, means for applying forces to said ram to impartsuccessive strokes thereto to compress material received in said chamberinto a compact mass, a movable wall forming a part of said chamber andbeing responsive to radial pressures exerted by the mass, a pair ofrelatively movable side wall structures also forming a part of saidchamber, means operatively connecting said movable wall and said sidewall structures for simultaneously movement, means for controlling theposition of said movable wall and the force applied to each stroke ofthe ram, and means operatively connecting said controlling means andsaid applying means.

12. A baler having walls defining an elongate chamber, a tubular ductcommunicating with said chamber for feeding material thereto, a ram forcompressing material in said chamber, said duct having an entrance endlocated remote from said chamber for initially receiving the material, avalve associated with said duct for opening and closing the same, powermeans for transmitting power to said ram, means responsive to thedensity of the mass for controlling said power means to cause it totransmit lesser 01" greater power to said ram depending on the densityof the mass, means operatively connecting said responsive means and saidpower means, and means for automatically moving said valve to close saidduct when the mass attains a predetermined size.

13. A "baler having walls defining an elongate chamber. a chutecommunicating with said chamber, a plurality of ducts communicating withsaid chute and serving to feed material to said chamber via said chute,a ram for compressing into a compact mass the material received in saidchamber, each of said ducts having an entrance end located remote fromsaid baler for initially receiving the material, a valve associated witheach of said ducts for opening and closing the same, power means fortransmitting power to said ram. means responsive to the densitv of themass for controlling the amount of power applied to said ram, meansoperatively connecting said responsive means and said power meanswhereby such power will be automatically transmitted to said ram inaccord with the density of the mass, and means for automatically movingsaid valves to close said ducts when the mass in said chamber attains apredetermined size.

14. A baler having walls defining an elongate chamber, tubular meanscommunicating with said chamber, means for feeding material to saidtubular means, a ram for compressing into a compact mass the materialfed to said chamber, power means for transmitting power to said ram,means responsive to the density of the mass for controlling the amountof power applied to said ram, means operatively connecting saidresponsive means and said power means whereby power will be transmittedto said ram in accord with the density of the mass, and meansoperatively connected to said feeding means and associated with saidtubular means for automatically rendering said feeding means inoperativeso as to prevent entry of material into said tubular means when thelatter receives an oversupply of material.

'15. -A baler having walls defining an elongate chamber, a chutecommunicating with said chamber, a duct communicating with said chutefor feeding material to said chamber via said chute, a ram forcompressing into a compact mass the material received in said chamber,said duct having an entrance end located remote from said chamber forinitially receiving the material, a valve associated with said duct foropening and closing the same, power means for transmitting power to saidram, means responsive to the density of the mass for controlling theamount of power transmitted .to said ram in accord with the density ofthe mass, means operatively connecting said responsive means and saidpower means, a first means for automatically moving said valve to closesaid duct when the mass attains a predetermined size, and second meansassociated with said chute and operable independently of said firstmeans for automatically moving said valve to close said duct when thereis an oversupply of material in said chute.

16. A baler comprising a frame provided with an elongate chamber, atubular duct communicating with said chamber, means for feeding materialinto said chamber through said duct, a ram for compressing charges ofmaterial fed to said chamber, said duct having means at one end locate-dremote from said chamber for initially receiving the material, saidchamber including relatively movable wall structures which areresponsive to the expansion and contraction of the mass, power means fortransmitting power to said ram, means operatively connecting saidmovable wall structures and said power means in a manner whereby whenradial pressures exerted by the mass effect a predetermined relativemovement to said wall structures predetermined amounts of power will betransmitted to said ram to impart intermittent strokes thereto and whenradial pressures effect a difierent relative movement to said wallstructures power will be transmitted to said ram to increase the powerof each stroke thereof, and means for automatically rendering saidfeeding means inoperative when the mass attains -a predetermined size.

17. A baler comprising a frame provided with an elongate chamber havingan opening at one end thereof through which material may be introducedto the chamber to be compressed, a reciprocable ram, power means forapplying strokes of power to said ram for forcibly compressing thematerial into a mass and moving it longitudinally in the chamber, meansoffering resistance to such longitudinal movement of the mass, andsensing means separate and remote from said ram connected to said powermeans and said resistance means and responsive to the pressure appliedby said power means for automatically controlling the operation of saidresistance means and varying the force of each compressive stroke as theresistance to such movement varies.

18. A baler comprising a frame, an elongate chamber having .a wall and apair of relatively movable side wall structures attached .to said frame,each of said side wall structures comprising a plurality of verticallyspaced horizontally extending members, a pair of upright-s having endspivotally connected to said frame and also having opposite ends, a walldisposed opposite said first-mentioned wall and having a pressureresponsive portion, pressure responsive means operatively connectingsaid opposite ends of said uprights and said pressure responsive portionin a manner whereby said uprights and side wall structures may be movedtoward or away from one another by actuating said responsive portion,and power means for operating said responsive portion.

19. A baler comprising a frame provided with walls defining a firstchamber for receiving material and a second chamber constituting acontinuation of said first chamber, a ram for driving material receivedin said first chamber into said second chamber, means offering someresisti8 ance to the flow of the material in said second chamber, powermeans, means for applying forces from said power means to impart motionto said ram to compact the material into a mass against said resistancemeans, means responsive to variable conditions of the mass and saidpower means, and means operatively connecting said responsive means andsaid power means for automatically controlling the amount of powerapplied to said ram and said responsive means whereby to obtain a massof substantially uniform density.

20. A baler comprising a frame provided with an elongate chamber, atubular duct communicating with said chamber, means for conveyingmaterial through said duct into said chamber, a ram for compressing intoa mass charge of material conveyed to said chamber, said duct having anopen entrance end located remote from said chamber for initiallyreceiving the material, a valve carried by said duct for opening andclosing said entrance end, means for operating said valve, power meansfor transmitting power to said ram, means responsive to a condition ofthe mass operatively connected with said power means in a manner wherebywhen the mass is in one condition power will be transmitted to said ramto impart intermittent strokes thereto and when the mass is in anothercondition power will be transmitted to said ram to increase the power ofeach stroke thereof, means whereby the size of the mass being baled maybe predetermined, and means operatively connecting said valve operatingmeans and said sizing means for automatically moving said valve to closesaid entrance end when the mass attains a predetermined size.

21L A baler comprising a frame provided with an elongate chamber havingan opening at one end thereof through which material can be insertedinto the chamber, a reciprocable ram, means for applying power to saidram for forcing it longitudinally forward in said chamber forcompressing the material against abutment means for retarding its travelin said chamber, means for determining a condition of the material whileit is being compressed for increasing the amount of power applied tosaid ram throughout a portion of its forward travel means associatedwith said chamber for offering resistance to the travel of the compactedmaterial, sensing means responsive to the pressure applied by said powermeans, and means operatively connecting said resistance means, saidsensing means and said power applying means for controlling saidresistance means and the amount of power applied to said ram throughoutanother portion of its continuous forward travel.

22. A baler comprising an elongate chamber having a wall provided withan outturned portion having a free edge and a movable wall disposedopposite said first-mentioned wall, and said movable wall having anoutturned ofiset portion which serves to facilitate release of a portionof a bale from said first-mentioned wall, said offset portion having anarea which is longitudinally inset with reference to said outturnedportion of said first-mentioned wall.

23. A baler comprising a frame provided with walls defining a firstchamber provided with an entrance and a second chamber, a ram movablebetween a forward and a retracted position, power means for applyingforces to said ram for compacting and driving the material receivedthrough said entrance in said first chamber into said second chamber,means responsive to variable conditions of the compacted material forcontrolling the amount of power applied to said ram, a vent locatedadjacent said first chamber between said entrance and a retractedposition of said ram for venting this chamber, and means operativelyconnecting said power means and said condition responsive means.

24. A baler comprising a frame provided with upper and lower walls and apair of side wall structures movably connected to said walls defining anelongate chamber for receiving material to be compacted, a chuteconstituting a continuation of one end of said chamber for introducingthe material thereto, a ram for compressing into a compact mass thematerial received in said chamber for engagement with a mass previouslycompacted by said ram, power means for imparting strokes of power tosaid ram for moving it in a longitudinal direction, means associatedwith said chute for controlling the amount of material received in saidchamber, means operatively connecting said controlling means and saidpower means for rendering the latter inoperative when there is aninsufficient amount of-material in said chamber for compression by saidram, and means responsive to conditions of the mass and to said powermeans and said wall structures for respectively controlling the powerapplied to the strokes of said ram and effecting relative movementbetween said walls and said wall structures.

7 25. A baler comprising a frame provided with an elongate chamber, aram for compressing into a compact mass successive charges of materialadapted to be fed to said chamber, said chamber including relativelymovable wall structures which are responsive to the expansion andcontraction of the mass, power means for transmitting power to said ram,means separate and remote from said ram for controlling the amount ofpower transmitted to said ram, and means operatively connecting saidcontrolling means, said wall structures and said power means in a mannerwhere-by a condition of the mass controls the position of the wallstructures and the controlling means to determine the amount of powertransmitted to said ram to increase or decrease the power of each strokethereof.

26. A baler having walls defining an elongate chamher, a tubular ductcommunicating with said chamber for guiding material thereto, means forconveying the material to said chamber through said tubular duct, a ramfor compressing material in said chamber, said duct having an entranceend located remote from said chamber for initially receiving thematerial, a valve associated with said duct for opening and closing thesame, power means for transmitting power to said ram, means responsiveto the density of the mass for controlling said power means to cause itto transmit lesser or greater power to said ram depending on the densityof the mass, means operatively connecting said responsive means and saidpower means, means whereby the size of the mass may be determined, andmeans operatively connecting said valve and said determining means forautomatically moving said valve to close said duct when the mass attainsthe size determined.

27. A baler having walls defining an elongate chamber, a chutecommunicating with said chamber, a plurality of ducts communicating withsaid chute and serving to guide material to said chamber via said chute,means for conveying material through said ducts and chute to saidchamber, a ram for compressing into a compact mass the material receivedin said chamber, each of said ducts having an entrance end locatedremote from said baler for initially receiving the material, a valveassociated with each of said ducts for opening and closing the same,power means for transmitting power to said ram, means responsive to acondition of the mass for controlling the amount of power applied tosaid ram, means operatively connecting said responsive means and saidpower means whereby such power will be automatically transmitted to saidram in accord with the condition of the mass, means whereby the size ofthe mass may be determined, and means operatively connecting saiddetermining means and said valves for automatically moving said valvesto close said ducts when the mass in said chamber attains the sizedetermined.

28. A baler having walls defining an elongate chamber, tubular meanscommunicating said said chamber, means for conveying material to saidchamber through said tubular means, control means associated with saidtubular means for indicating the amount of material therein, a ram forcompressing into a compact mass the material received in said chamber,power means for transmitting power to. said ram, means responsive to thedensity of the mass for controlling the amount of power applied to saidram, means operatively connecting said responsive means and said powermeans whereby power will be transmitted to said ram in accord with thedensity of the mass, and means operatively connecting said control meansand said conveying means for automatically rendering said conveyingmeans inoperative When said tubular means receives an oversupply ofmaterial.

29. A baler having walls defining an elongate chamber, a chutecommunicating with said chamber, a duct communicating with said chutefor supplying material to said chamber via said chute, a ram forcompressing into a compact mass the material received in said chamber,said duct having an entrance end located remote from said chamber forinitially receiving the material, a valve associated with said duct foropening and closing the same, means for actuating said valve, powermeans for transmitting power to said ram, means responsive to thedensity of the mass for controlling the amount of power transmitted tosaid ram in accord with the density of the mass, means operativelyconnecting said responsive means and said power means, means whereby thesize of the mass may be determined, means operatively connecting saidactuating means and said sizing means whereby to automatically move saidvalve to close said duct when the mass attains a size determined, andmeans associated with said chute and said actuating means and operableindependently of said sizing means for automatically moving said valveto close said duct when there is an oversupply of material in saidchute.

31' A baler having walls defining an elongate chamber, a chutecommunicating with said chamber, a duct communicating with said chutefor guiding material to said chamber via said chute, means for conveyingmaterial through said duct and chute to said chamber, a control for saidconveying means, a ram for compressing into a compact mass the materialreceived in said chamber, said duct having an entrance end locatedremote from said chamber for initially receiving the material, means fortransmitting power to said ram, means responsive to the density of themass for controlling the amount of power transmitted to said ram inaccord with the density of the mass, means operatively connecting saidresponsive means and said power means, means whereby a condition of themass may be determined, means operatively connecting said conditioningmeans and said control for automatically rendering said conveying meansinoperative when said mass attains a predetermined condition, and meansassociated with said chute and operatively connected to said control forautomatically rendering said convey-ing means inoperative.

31. A machine comprising a frame provided with an elongate chamber, atubular duct communicating with said chamber, means for feeding materialinto said chanther through said duct, a control for said feeding means,

a ram for compressing into a compact mass material fed to said chamber,said duct having means at one end located remote from said chamber forinitially receiving the material, said chamber including relativelymovable wall structures which are responsive to the expansion andcontraction of the mass, power means for transmitting power to said ram,means separate and remote from said ram for controlling the amount ofpower, means whereby the size of the mass may be determined, and meansoperatively connecting said sizing means and said control whereby saidfeeding means may be rendered inoperative when the mass attains a sizedetermined.

32. A machine comprising a frame provided with an elongate chamber, aconduit communicating with said chamber, means for conveying material tosaid chamber through said conduit, 21 pair of spaced means associatedwith said conduit for measuring a predetermined quan- 21 tity ofmaterial adapted to be received therein, a control for said conveyingmeans, a ram for compressing into a compact mass material fed to saidchamber, said chamber including relatively movable wall structures whichare responsive to the expansion and contraction of the mass, power meansfor transmitting power to said ram, means responsive to the density ofthe mass, means operatively connecting said movable wall structures andresponsive means with said power means in a manner whereby the positionof said wall structures and power applied to said ram is controlled bysaid responsive means, and means operatively connecting one of saidspaced means and said control whereby said conveying means may berendered inoperative when said conduit receives a quantity of materialin excess of that measured by said spaced means.

33. A machine comprising a frame provided with walls defining anelongate chamber, a conduit communicating with said chamber, means forconveying material to said chamber through said conduit, a pair ofspaced means associated with said conduit for measuring a predeterminedquant-ity of material adapted to be received therein, a control for saidconveying means, a ram for compressing into a compact mass material fedto said chamber, means responsive to a condition of the mass, powermeans for transmitting power to said ram, means operatively connectingsaid responsive means and said power means in a manner whereby the poweris applied to said ram in accord with said responsive means and means operatively connecting one of said spaced means and said control wherebysaid conveying means may be rendered inoperative when said conduitreceives a quantity of material in excess of that measured by saidspaced means.

34. A baler comprising a frame provided with an elongate chamber havingan opening at one end thereof through which material can be insertedinto the chamber, a ram, means for applying power to said ram forforcing it longitudinally in one direction in said chamber forcompressing the material against means offering some resistance to itstravel in said chamber, means for determining the density of thematerial while it is being compressed for controlling the amount ofpower applied to said ram through one portion of its travel and duringanother portion of its travel in said direction applying rapid strokesthereto, and means operatively connecting said determining means andsaid power applying means.

35. In a baling machine; a frame provided with an elongated balingchamber, a baling plunger operable in said chamber in one end thereof tocompact material to be baled therein and to push the material toward andout the other end of the baling chamber, said baling chamber at saidother end comprising a bottom wall and a top wall, one of said wallsbeing movable in a direction toward and away from the other wall, andlaterally movable side wall means, stationary means having a verticallyacting piston for effecting movement of said one movable wall,upstanding substantially rigid means disposed at the sides of saidmachine and having intermediate portions for abutting and applyingpressure to said side wall means, and means respectively operativelyconnecting opposite extremities of said upstanding means to said frameand said piston whereby the latter may be operated to cause said sidewall means to be urged toward each other through the agency of saidupstanding means and also cause said one movable wall to be urged towardsaid other wall.

36. A machine comprising structure defining a first chamber and a secondchamber, said first chamber being provided with an opening for receivingmaterial to be compacted, a ram for compacting the material into a massand forcing it into said second chamber, power means for applying forcesto said ram, said second chamber including a wall having at least amovable portion which is engageable with the mass to offer variableresistance to its travel in said second chamber, means remote from saidram and chamber responsive to the pressure applied by 22 said powermeans, and means operatively connecting said movable portion of saidwall, said responsive means and said power means whereby the position ofsaid movable portion and power applied to said ram will vary in accordwith the resistance offered by said movable portion.

37. A baler comprising a frame provided with a chamber for receivingmaterial to be compressed, a ram for compacting the material, powermeans for applying power to said ram, means operable by said power meansand responsive to the density of the mass being compressed, means forcontrolling the amount of material received in said chamber, meansoperatively connecting said controlling means and said power meanswhereby the latter is automatically rendered operative to actuate saidram only when said chamber receives a predetermined amount of materialfor compaction, and means operatively connecting said responsive meansand said power means for automatically controlling the power applied tosaid ram and said responsive means.

38. A machine provided with an elongate chamber, a ram for compactinginto a mass material adapted to be fed to said chamber, a source ofpower, means separate and remote from said ram including sensing meansresponsive to the pressure applied by said means for applying such powerto said ram and said responsive means whereby the latter ottersresistance to the flow of the mass in said chamber, means offeringadditional resistance to the flow of the mass, and means operativelyconnecting said responsive means and said additional resistance meanswith said source whereby the pressure applied to said ram is controlledby said sensing means of said responsive means and said additionalresistance means.

39. A baler comprising a frame and walls defining an elongate chamberhaving an opening at one end thereof through which material can beinserted into the chamber, a ram, means for applying power to said ramfor forcing it longitudinally in said chamber for compressing thematerial into a compact mass, at least one of said walls having amovable portion offering resistance to the travel of the mass in saidchamber, means separate and remote from said ram for determining thedensity of the material while it is being compressed, said determiningmeans being operatively associated with said movable portion forcontrolling its position to vary the resistance applied to the mass andthe amount of power applied to said ram, and means operativelyconnecting said determining means and said power applying means.

40. A machine provided with an elongate chamber, a ram for compactinginto a mass material adapted to be fed to said chamber, means offeringresistance to the flow of the mass in said chamber, a source of power,means connected to said source for applying power to said ram, meansconnected to said source for applying power to said resistance means, anadditional source of power, and means including pressure sensing meansoperatively connecting said applying means for said resistance means andsaid additional source of power in a manner whereby the latter incombination with said first-mentioned source will impart rapid pressurestrokes to said ram for pounding and moving the mass throughout at leasta portion of its travel in one direction when the resistance to the flowof the mass reaches a predetermined value.

41. A baler having walls defining an elongate chamber, tubular meanscommunicating with said chamber, means .for conveying material to saidchamber through said tubular means, means for feeding material to saidtubular means for transmission by said conveying means, control meansassociated with said tubular means for indicating the amount of materialtherein, a ram for compressing into a compact mass the material receivedin said chamber, power means for transmitting power to said ram, meansresponsive to the density of the mass for controlling the amount ofpower applied to said ram, means operatively connecting said responsivemeans and said power means whereby power will be transmitted to said ramin accord with the density of the mass, means operatively connectingsaid control means and said feeding means for automatically renderingsaid feeding means inoperative when said tubular means receives anoversupply of ma terial, means associated with said tubular means forapplying moisture to material while it is being conveyed and a controlfor said moisture applying means responsive to the operation of saidfeeding means.

42. .A baler having walls defining an elongate chamber, a ductcommunicating with said chamber, means for conveying material throughsaid duct to said chamber, a control for said conveying means, a ram forcompressing into a compact mass the material received in said chamber,said duct having an entrance end located remote from said chamber forinitially receiving the material, valve means associated with saidentrance end through which moisture may be applied to material that isconveyed, a control for said valve means, means for transmitting powerto said ram, a control for said power means, means sensing andresponsive to the density of the mass for controlling the amount ofpower transmitted to said ram and said sensing means in accord with thedensity of the mass, means operatively connecting said sensing means andsaid power means, means whereby a condition of the mass may bedetermined, means operatively connecting said conditioning means andsaid first-mentioned control for automatically rendering said conveyingmeans inoperative when said mass attains a predetermined condition, andmeans operatively connecting said controls of said valve means and saidpower means whereby said control of said valved moisture applying meansis subject to the operation of said control of said power means.

43. 'A machine for compacting material, said machine having wallsincluding a pair of opposed relatively movable walls defining anelongate chamber, a ram for compacting material adapted for reception insaid chamber into a compact mass, means for applying power to said ram,means separate and remote from said ram and responsive to said powerapplying means operatively associated with said movable walls, and meansoperatively connecting said responsive means and said power meanswhereby to control the power applied to said ram and said responsivemeans for eifecting movement of said movable walls.

44. A machine for compacting material, said machine having wallsincluding a pair of opposed relatively movable walls defining anelongate chamber, a ram for compacting material adapted for reception insaid chamber into a compact mass, means for applying power to said ram,means separate and remote from said ram and responsive to said applyingmeans, means for determining a condition of the mass, and meansoperatively connecting said responsive means, said determining means andsaid power means whereby to control the power applied to said ram andsaid determining means in accord with the condition of the mass.

45. A machine for compacting material, said machine having an elongatechamber, a ram for compacting into a mass material adapted for receptionin said chamber, means for applying variable amounts of power to saidram, means separate and remote from said ram for determining a conditionof the mass, sensing means responsive to the pressure applied by saidpower applying means, and means operatively connecting said determiningmeans, said sensing means and said power means whereby to vary theamount of pressure applied to said ram and said determinnig means inresponse to variable conditions of the mass.

46. A machine for compacting material, said machine having an elongatechamber for receiving the material, means associated with said chamberoffering resistance to the travel of the material therein, a ram forcompacting the material into a mass against said resistance means, meansfor applying power to said ram, means separate and remote from said ramfor determining a condition of lit the mass, sensing means responsive tothe pressure applied by said power applying means, and means operativelyconnecting said determining means, said sensing means and said powermeans whereby to control the power applied to said ram and determiningmeans in response to the condition of the mass.

47. A machine having a frame and a first chamber provided with anopening for receiving material to be compacted into a mass, a secondchamber constituting a continuation of said first chamber, said secondchamber being elongate and comprising a bottom wall, a top wallextending substantially coextensively with and over said bottom wall, apair of relatively movable side wall structures otfering resistance tothe travel of the mass in said second chamber, a ram for compactingmaterial received in said first chamber and moving it into said secondchamber, means for applying power to said ram, a pair of upstanding armsmounted on said frame adjacent said side wall structures for movementtherewith, means movable in unison unit said arms, and means operativelyconnecting said power means and said movable means for controlling theposition of said side walls and amount of power applied to said ram.

48. A machine having a frame and a first chamber provided with anopening for receiving material to be compacted into a mass a secondchamber constituting a continuation of said first chamber, said secondchamber being elongate and comprising a bottom wall, a top wallextending substantially coextensively with and over said bottom wall, apair of relatively movable side wall structures olTering resistance tothe travel of the mass in said second chamber, a ram for compactingmaterial received in said first chamber, means for applying power tosaid ram, a pair of upstanding arms mounted on said frame adjacent saidside wall structures for movement therewith, additional meansoperatively connecting said arms, and means including sensing meansoperatively connecting said additional means and said power meanswhereby said sensing means controls the amount of power applied to saidram and said power means controls the operation of said additionalmeans.

49. A machine provided with an elongate chamber, a ram for compactinginto a mass material adapted to be fed to said chamber, means separateand remote from said ram including sensing means for determining acondition of the mass, a source of power, means for applying such powerto said ram and said determining means whereby the latter offersresistance to the fiow of the mass in said chamber, means offeringadditional resistance to the flow of the mass, and means operativelyconnecting said determining means and said additional resistance meanswith said source whereby the power applied to said ram is controlled bysaid sensing means of said determing means.

50. A machine for compacting material, said machine having a chamber, aram for compacting into a mass material adapted for reception andforming in said chamber, power means, means for applying this power tosaid ram, means associated with said chamber for determining a conditionof the mass, sensing means responsive to the pressure of said powermeans, and means operatively connecting said determining means, saidsensing'means and said power means for automatically controlling theamount of power applied to said ram through the agency of said applyingmeans in response to varying conditions of the mass during the operationof the machine whereby to obtain a mass of substantially uniformdensity.

51. A machine for compacting material, said machine having a chamber, aram for compacting into a mass material adapted for reception in saidchamber, power means, means for applying this power to said ram, meansconnecting said power means and said applying means, means fordetermining a condition of the mass, means sensing and responsive to thepressure applied by said power means, and means operatively connectingsaid determin- 25 mg means, said sensing means and said connecting meanswhereby to automatically control the amount of pressure applied to saidram through the agency of said applying means in response to varyingcondition of the mass during the operation of the machine.

52. The machine defined in claim 51, including additional power means,means responsive to said first-mentioned power means, and meansoperatively connecting this additional power means and saidfirst-mentioned con necting means whereby said last mentioned responsivemeans controls said additional power means to said applying means.

53. A machine for compacting material, said machine having a chamber, aram for compacting into a mass material adapted for reception in saidchamber, power means, means for applying this power to said ram, meansfor sensing a condition of said power means, means operativelyconnecting said power means and said sensing means whereby toautomatically control the amount of power applied to said ram throughthe agency of said applying means in response to the condition of themass, means offering resistance to the travel of the mass in saidchamber, and means operatively connecting said resistance means, saidsensing means and said power means whereby said resistance means isvariably responsive to said power means.

54. A machine for compacting material, said machine having a chamber, aram for compacting into a mass material adapted for reception in saidchamber, power means, means for applying this power to said ram, meansfor determining a condition of the mass means sensing and responsive tosaid power means, and means operatively connecting said power means,said sensing means and said determining means whereby said sensing meanscontrols the operation of said determining means and automaticallycontrols the amount of power applied to said ram through said applyingmeans in response to the condition of the mass.

55. A machine for compacting material, said machine having a chamber, aram for compacting into a mass material adapted for reception in saidchamber, means for applying variable amounts of power to said ram, meansseparate and remote from said ram for determining the density of themass, and means operatively connecting said determining means and saidpower means whereby to control the amount of power to said densitydetermining means and vary the amount of power applied to said ram inresponse to varying densities of the mass.

56. In a baling machine; a stationary frame provided with an elongatebaling chamber, a baling plunger operable in said chamber in one endthereof to compact material to be baled therein and to push the materialtoward and out the other end of the baling chamber, said baling chamberat said other end comprising a bottom wall, a top wall, and laterallymovable side wall means, elongate means extending beneath said bottomwall and connected thereto, means including upstanding laterally movablebars operatively connected to said frame and to said extending means forabutting said side wall means, a cylinder having a piston extending outthe top thereof for imparting motion to one of said walls, and means forsupplying pressure fluid to said cylinder to thrust the piston upwardlytherein thereby to urge said one wall toward the other wall and to urgesaid side wall means toward each other.

57. A machine for compacting material, said machine having a chamber, aram for compacting into a mass material adapted for reception in saidchamber, power means, power applying means associated with the ram,means connecting the power means and the power applying means, meansassociated with the connecting means for determining a condition of themass to control the amount of power applied in response to a conditionof the mass, and means associated with the determining means andconnecting means to automatically vary the 26 amount of power applied tosaid ram and actuate said determining means in response to variableconditions of the mass.

58. In combination: a chamber, tubular means connected to said chamberand provided with an inlet extremity for initially receiving a flowablematerial adapted to be pneumatically conducted through said tubularmeans to said chamber, means for compacting into a mass the materialreceived in said chamber, a slidable valve mounted in said inletextremity for movement into said tubular means whereby to prevent flowof material therethrough and to another position whereby to permit flowof the material therethrough, power means for actuating said valve,manually operable means connected to said power means for controllingthe operation of said power means, and means adjacent said chamberresponsive to a condition of said mass for controlling the operation ofsaid power means independently of said manually operable means.

59. In combination: a pair of spaced tubular casings for respectivelyreceiving flowable pieces of material, a chamber located remote fromsaid casings, conduit means whereby the material can be conducted tosaid chamber, a valve mounted for movement relative to each casing forcontrolling the amount of material conducted therethrough, power meansconnected to each of said valves for effecting movement thereof, meansoperatively connecting said power means for manually selectivelycontrolling their operation, and means disposed adjacent said chamberand operatively connected with said power means for automaticallycontrolling their operation independently of said selective controllingmeans.

60. The machine defined in claim 51, including additional power means,and means operatively connecting this additional power means and saidfirst-mentioned connecting means whereby said sensing means controls thepower applied to both power means to said first-mentioned connectingmeans.

61. A baler comprising a stationary frame having an elongate balingchamber comprising a pair of relatively movable side wall structures anda pair of opposed walls, at least one of said opposed walls beingmovable relative to the other Wall, a pair of upstanding swingable sidearms disposed for exerting pressures against said side wall structuresand having lengths greater than the vertical dimensions of said sidewall structures, said arms having a pair of ends pivotally mounted aboutfixed axes adjacent one of said walls and an opposite pair of endsoperatively connecting said movable wall, and power means for lmpartingmovement to said movable wall toward said other wall and said side wallstructures toward each other through the agency of said side arms.

62. A baler comprising a stationary frame having an elongate balingchamber comprising a pair of relatively movable side wall structures anda pair of opposed walls, at least one of said opposed Walls beingmovable relative to the other wall, a pair of upstanding swingable sidearms disposed for abutting said side wall structures and having lengthsgreater than the vertical dimensions of said side wall structures, saidarms having a pair of ends pivotally mounted about fixed axes adjacentone of said walls and an opposite pair of ends, power means, and meansoperatively connecting said power means and said opposite pair of endsfor imparting movement to said movable wall and said side wallstructures through the agency of said arms.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS Re. 9,906 10/81Dederick 91 1,065,648 6/13 Wygant 10019l X 1,100,592 6/14 Madden.

(Other references on following page)

55. A MACHINE FOR COMPACTING MATERIAL, SAID MACHINE HAVING A CHAMBER, ARAM FOR COMPACTING INTO A MASS MATERIAL ADAPTED FOR RECEPTION IN SAIDCHAMBER, MEANS FOR APPLYING VARIABLE AMOUNTS OF POWER TO SAID RAM, MEANSSEPARATE AND REMOTE FROM SAID RAM FOR DETERMINING THE DENSITY OF THEMASS, AND MEANS OPERATIVELY CONNECTING SAID DETERMINING MEANS AND SAIDMEANS WHEREBY TO CONTROL THE AMOUNT OF POWER TO SAID DENSITY DETERMININGMEANS AND VARY THE AMOUNT OF POWER APPLIED TO SAID RAM IN RESPONSE TOVARYING DENSITIES OF THE MASS.